The customs clearance of food products
The customs clearance of food products in Europe follows a rigorous process to ensure that imported goods comply with the European Union’s (EU) sanitary, phytosanitary, and customs regulations. Here are the main steps in the food product customs clearance process:
1. Preparation of documents before importation
Before goods arrive in the EU, a series of documents must be prepared:
Commercial invoice: It must detail the goods, their values, and information about the sender and the recipient.
Sanitary and phytosanitary certificate: For certain food products (meat, dairy products, fruits, vegetables), a certificate issued by the competent authorities of the exporting country is required, proving that the products comply with EU sanitary standards.
Certificate of origin: To prove the country of origin of the goods and, if applicable, benefit from tariff preferences under trade agreements.
Transport documents: Such as the bill of lading, inspection certificate, or other logistics-related documents.
Import declaration: Through the EU customs system, such as the Import Control System (ICS) or the Automated Import System (AIS).
2. Submission of products for inspection
Food products often must go through designated control points, called Border Control Posts (BCP), where sanitary and phytosanitary inspections are carried out.
Documentary check: Verification of the submitted documents.
Identity check: Inspection of the products to ensure they match the provided documents.
Physical check: If necessary, samples are taken for microbiological, chemical, or other tests.
3. Payment of customs duties and taxes
Once the products have passed inspection and been approved, customs duties and VAT (value-added tax) must be paid:
Customs duties: These vary depending on the category of goods and trade agreements between the country of origin and the EU.
VAT: Each EU member state applies its own VAT rate based on national regulations.
4. Release of goods
Once all formalities are completed and payments made, customs release the goods, which can then be transported to their final destination within the EU.
5. Compliance with specific European regulations
In addition to customs and sanitary controls, food products must comply with several other European regulations:
Food labeling: Products must be labeled according to EU rules, particularly concerning allergens, ingredients, expiration date, and storage instructions.
Food safety standards: Importers must ensure that products comply with EU food safety regulations, including limits on pesticide residues, food additives, and chemical or microbiological contaminants.
6. Storage and distribution
After customs clearance, products can be stored and distributed. Storage conditions must comply with health and safety standards to avoid any contamination or deterioration of food products.
Key points to remember
- Food products, particularly those of animal origin, are subject to very strict health controls.
- Specific Border Control Posts are assigned to certain product categories to facilitate health inspections.
- Food labeling and safety regulations are particularly stringent in the EU.
This process ensures that imported food products are safe for consumption and comply with EU standards.
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